Despite his name being nearly unknown today, José Guadalupe Posada (1852-1913) was one of the more influential Mexican artists of the last 150 years, whose influence continues to grow.
He was a graphic artist, political cartoonist, lithographer, engraver, and produced illustrations for countless publications and books in Aguascalientes (his birthplace), León, and Mexico City.
He is best known for his satirical cartoons and his depictions of skeletons, or calaveras. These calaveras poked fun at politicians, as well as at the vanities of the Mexican aristocracy, and indeed, of the vanities of the living!
The calaveras were featured in murals by Diego Rivera, who once stated that Posada's art was "so great that perhaps one day his name will be forgotten!"
His most famous skeleton was dubbed the Calavera Catrina, whose likeness inspired the whole culture of dressing as skeletons for Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead).
In 1972 a museum dedicated to Posada was opened in the historic Encino neighborhood of Aguascalientes. It is housed in the former cloisters of the church El Señor del Encino.
His legacy is not forgotten in Aguascalientes, for an entire festival, El Festival de las Calaveras, is dedicated to him and his calaveras. The festival began in 1994, and is attended by tens of thousands who descend upon the city each year during the week surrounding Day of the Dead. The historic town center comes alive with concerts, parades, bullfights, and carnivals.
The very modern facade of the José Guadalupe Posada Museum, with the adjoining Church of El Señor del Encino:
His Calavera Catrina adorns the front of the museum:
A portrait bust of the artist:
The courtyard:
The illustration that started the Calavera tradition, housed within the museum:
More calaveras:
“La muerte es democrática, ya que a fin de cuentas, güera, morena, rica o pobre, toda la gente acabaría siendo calavera”.
"Death is democratic. At the end, whether you are white, dark, rich or poor, everyone ends up a skeleton." Jose Guadalupe Posada